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Objective To evaluate the effect of ropivacaine combined with low-dose naloxone or sufentanilropivacaine mixture on brachial plexus block carried under the guidance of ultrasound.Methods A total of 100 patients of our hospital undergoing upper limb surgery was randomly divided into four groups with 25 patients in each group.Four groups are patients receiving 20 mL of 0.375％ mesylate ropivacaine (Group D),20 mL of 0.375％ mesylate ropivacaine + 10 μg sufentanil (Group S),20 mL of 0.375％ mesylate ropivacaine + 100 ng naloxone (Group N) and 20 mL of 0.375％ mesylate ropivacaine + 10 μg sufentanil +100 ng naloxone (Group N+S).All patients underwent interscalene brachial plexus block under ultrasound guidance.The sensory block,motor block and other adverse reactions were observed and recorded at 5min,6,12,18,24 h.Results The sensory and motor block time of group D was (435.5 ± 77.9) min and (350.2 ± 69.8) min,group S (831.7 ± 52.0)min and (675.8 ± 48.1)min,group N (933.0 ± 117.1) min and (499.0 ± 40.5) min,group N+S (919.3 ± 59.0) min and (534.8 ± 56.6)min.The sensory block time of group N and group N + S were significantly longer than that of group D and S (P ＜0.05).The sensory and motor block time of group D were obviously shorter than that of other groups (P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant difference in the onset time of sensory and motor block in all groups.Conclusion Low dose of naloxone combined with ropivacaine or sufentanil-ropivacaine mixture can increase the duration of sensory block on brachial plexus.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To disclose the relationship between current smoking behaviors and household characteristics among adults in Guangdong, in order to provide scientific evidence for household tobacco control strategy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A questionnaire survey was conducted among the adults sampled by four-stage randomized cluster sampling in ten districts of five cities in Guangdong from September to November, 2010. The questionnaire included demographic characteristics, smoking behaviors and smoking-related household characteristics. Chi-square test and unconditional logistic regression analysis were employed to explore the relationship between current smoking behaviors and household characteristics.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>This study included 2 150 respondents, with data from 2 121 eligible questionnaires used for analysis. The current smoking rates for respondents with household characteristics including per capita household income below 1 000 Yuan, three or more smokers in the family, no ban of smoking at home and treating visitors with cigarettes were 28.7%, 56.5%, 34.2% and 43.5% , respectively, and were significantly higher than those for respondents with household characteristics at other levels (P < 0.01 for all). After controlling for factors such as gender, age, personal income, education, employment status and residential location, we found that the number of family smokers, smoking restrictions at home and treating visitors with cigarettes had significant association with current smoking behaviors (P < 0.01 for all), except for per capita household income (P = 0.567).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Household is one of the effective places in carrying out health education and tobacco control intervention. In order to reduce tobacco use, much effort should be made to create smoke-free homes, encourage smoking cessation and treat visitors with no cigarettes.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Humans , Middle Aged , Young Adult , China , Family Characteristics , Smoking , Surveys and Questionnaires , Tobacco Smoke PollutionABSTRACT
Objective To disclose the relationship between current smoking behaviors and household characteristics among adults in Guangdong,in order to provide scientific evidence for household tobacco control strategy. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among the adults sampled by four-stage randomized cluster sampling in ten districts of five cities in Guangdong from September to November,2010. The questionnaire included demographic characteristics,smoking behaviors and smoking-related household characteristics. Chi-square test and unconditional logistic regression analysis were employed to explore the relationship between current smoking behaviors and household characteristics. Results This study included 2 150 respondents,with data from 2 121 eligible questionnaires used for analysis. The current smoking rates for respondents with household characteristics including per capita household income below 1 000 Yuan,three or more smokers in the family,no ban of smoking at home and treating visitors with cigarettes were 28.7%,56.5%,34.2%and 43.5%,respectively,and were significantly higher than those for respondents with household characteristics at other levels(P<0.01 for all). After controlling for factors such as gender,age, personal income,education,employment status and residential location,we found that the number of family smokers,smoking restrictions at home and treating visitors with cigarettes had significant association with current smoking behaviors(P<0.01 for all),except for per capita household income (P=0.567). Conclusion Household is one of the effective places in carrying out health education and tobacco control intervention. In order to reduce tobacco use,much effort should be made to create smoke-free homes,encourage smoking cessation and treat visitors with no cigarettes.
ABSTRACT
Objective To disclose the relationship between current smoking behaviors and household characteristics among adults in Guangdong,in order to provide scientific evidence for household tobacco control strategy. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among the adults sampled by four-stage randomized cluster sampling in ten districts of five cities in Guangdong from September to November,2010. The questionnaire included demographic characteristics,smoking behaviors and smoking-related household characteristics. Chi-square test and unconditional logistic regression analysis were employed to explore the relationship between current smoking behaviors and household characteristics. Results This study included 2 150 respondents,with data from 2 121 eligible questionnaires used for analysis. The current smoking rates for respondents with household characteristics including per capita household income below 1 000 Yuan,three or more smokers in the family,no ban of smoking at home and treating visitors with cigarettes were 28.7%,56.5%,34.2%and 43.5%,respectively,and were significantly higher than those for respondents with household characteristics at other levels(P<0.01 for all). After controlling for factors such as gender,age, personal income,education,employment status and residential location,we found that the number of family smokers,smoking restrictions at home and treating visitors with cigarettes had significant association with current smoking behaviors(P<0.01 for all),except for per capita household income (P=0.567). Conclusion Household is one of the effective places in carrying out health education and tobacco control intervention. In order to reduce tobacco use,much effort should be made to create smoke-free homes,encourage smoking cessation and treat visitors with no cigarettes.
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Objective In order to know the influence factors about treatment compliance among patients with type 2 diabetes,and then offer certain positive reference for health education and prevention.Methods Selected 504 patients with type 2 diabetes among 4 hospitals in Guangzhou,interviewed them by self-designed questionnaire.The interview contents included patients' basic socio-demographic characteristics,treatment compliance,diabetes knowledge,social supprot and self-efficacy,and then analyzed the datum about the interview.Results After adjusting for gender,disease course,patients' type,education level,and incoming level,multiple linear regression analysis indicated that drug treatment compliance was positively associated with age,subjective social support,objective social support and degree of support utilization.Lifestyle was positively associated with age,objective social support and degree of support utilization.Conclusions There are several factors associated with the treatment compliance of patients with type 2 diabetes,enhance paitents' self-efficacy and carry out health education are the keys to promote their treatment compliance.